the pedestrian

human tetris

2007-08-08T13:46:00.001-07:00

Mona Lisa in MS Paint

2007-08-02T00:02:00.000-07:00

Mona Lisa in MS Paint - video powered by Metacafe
seriously. wow.

That's what you can do with MS Paint... in 2 hrs 30 min. In case you were wondering.

credit to EclecticAsylumArt.

Can you dance to this?

2007-07-05T23:15:00.001-07:00

For all those who like Memento, Run Lola Run and other such time-warp flicks. As well, just because it's radical and dammit DJs are hot.

By Double Edged Films. via architectradure.

finally, cars do something good

2007-06-14T22:25:00.000-07:00

Here's something very cool in the works, which might turn my car sickness into a joyride!

A bunch of academic researchers are out-fitting cars to create wi-fi networks. Eventually, the Department of Transportation will switch the signal from the standard wifi protocol to a dedicated short-range communication signal now in development. This will allow signals to travel much farther with fewer direct connections---only some cars will need a direct internet connection and the others can piggyback.

These transitory automobile wifi nets could span over kilometers---allowing cars to share practical information ('Is the road ahead slick with ice?' or 'What's the exit to Lake Woebegone?') or just chat. Definitely something for a future episode of Car Talk, one of my mom's favorite programs. very cool. just imagine what kind of video you can stream in a traffic jam!

Wifi tail-gait party, anyone?

ode to indexed

2007-06-14T21:53:00.000-07:00

Indexed <=> {summer vacation, ice cream, the rational choice}.

It's as if the mind of a logician were over-lapped with the financier's penchant for charts, graphs, and tables and the wry wit of a Seinfeld character stranded with a 9-5 job in the real-world.

music nice; good for the senses

2007-06-14T21:38:00.000-07:00

music snobs, hail! attention here.

I mostly like discovering my own music--via last.fm or pandora, or even (shriek) from friends in the realworld. So, the tautological name of Indie Music Filter initially put me off, even as their clean-cut look and talky posts drew me in.

In the end, what got me was the down-loadable digital mixed-tape (!), with its nerdart appeal. And once I got Vol.2 rolling it was sweet as watermelon on a hot summer day (as the old folks of my imagination like to say).

The hottest session: Indie Music Filter: Vol. 2.
The hottest band, video and couple: Matt & Kim. Here's there a taste of the smash-hit music video:

gratuitously cute

2007-01-06T21:26:00.000-08:00

Who doesn't love bunnies & deer? Bambi & Thumper the photo shoot by Tanja Askani.

* *
I would like to point out these adorable cuddling mammals are vegetarians. You just don't see this kind of behavior among herbivores and carnivores.

More proof than vegetarians make the best lovers.

Dees Eeis Not Fair!

2006-11-22T12:01:00.000-08:00

one excellent, mellifluous, holiday complaint.

source: a very short list

Grabbing a hold of information

2006-11-04T16:31:00.000-08:00

Check out this video of a multi-touch computer screen interface.

(( Wow ))

Occasionally, we simple-celled organisms get a peek into the future, and this my friends is it. The presentation video, above, by Jeff Han at the TED Talks on the multi-touch computer screen, says for itself more than I can--so watch it--but here I go anyway.

Han displays its application by intuitively creating puppets, exploring 3D maps, and simulating various animations.Technology is always advancing (lately anyway), shocking the senses and promising to improve the function of our lives. This computer screen registers multiple touch and intensity. And those are just pretty showboats toys to present this new technology. Those apps will of course have their uses for creative producers and even the military, but it was really the wallflower among the demos that grabbed my attention. But with this screen, something as simple as manipulating documents on your 'desktop' becomes more like a super-sensual videogame.

This is could be revolution in typical computer interaction: providing, literally, the hands-on ability to manipulate visual representations of data--to zoom-in and out while simultaneously moving objects in opposite directions, and (if you're dexterous enough) also creating new data.

Hmm, imagine what that could do in a search engine. Already there are start-ups, seeking to nudge the search giants Goog and Y!, that are finding their added-value by tossing the paradigm of the one-text-box-answers-all. But most of these upstart innovations work within the fixed web frame we're so used to: Type, click, specify, zero in, backstep, type again, specify, hunt, find.

Imagine, searching for keyword-associated results could be more like this: instead of searching through a stack of papers in a linear hierarchy of relevancy, it could be like diving into a swimming pool, where there are several piles, where there is one pile for each keyword ranked first. And the stacks are arranged to radiate out infront of you, like a semi circle. All the pages are floating, so that every posterior page in a pile is also visible, peeking out from behind. At a glance, you might be able to reach forward with the key gestures, zooming-in to your desired result, just as you would reach forward to swim to your destination in a pool. And, you can imagine the same for image search, or even sound.

Going back to the art-side of it, this could fundamentally bridge the divide between traditional artists and digital creators. In the recent wave of technological advance, isn't it true that most artists have been left behind. If you don't learn these new tools, in order to serve your talent directly into the digital interface, you're basically obsolete. Sculpture and paintings are good for a gallery, but lack the viability outside the digital vector landscape of Illustrator, or even CAT. Controlling digital creativity without resigning oneself to Adobe's tortuous layers, what a concept. It would be wonderful to build webpages in a software couched in this pliable screen. Or construct a architectural model. Or build a virtual landcape, like second life. Or, you know, make a movie.

The coreduo chip in the macpro is exciting and all, but this requires the exclamation of foreign words to really capture the exotic thrill of this innovation. Best to Han and his lab--- it will be years before this technology is ready for the market (it was only a research demo, proof of concept), but (( WOW )).

pause, and take a look

2006-11-02T21:55:00.000-08:00

a beautiful thing to behold & something to think about, when you've perhaps lost in the periphery of your eye the beauty in life.

So, revisiting Mark Slouka's attractively nonactive essay, Quitting the Paint Factory, by Mark Slouka (Harper’s Magazine – November 2004) I can't help but labor over the thought of how well timed the visit has come.

Chiming in with Calvin Coolidge's refrain that “the chief business of the American people is business,” Slouka goes on to add:

Ah, but here’s the rub: Idleness is not just a psychological necessity, requisite to the construction of a complete human being; it constitutes as well a kind of political space, a space as necessary to the workings of an actual democracy as, say, a free press. How does it do this? By allowing us time to figure out who we are, and what we believe; by allowing us time to consider what is unjust, and what we might do about it. By giving the inner life (in whose precincts we are most ourselves) its due. Which is precisely what makes idleness dangerous. All manner of things can grow out of that fallow soil. Not for nothing did our mothers grow suspicious when we had “too much time on our hands.” They knew we might be up to something. And not for nothing did we whisper to each other, when we were up to something, “Quick, look busy.”

Today is, what?, November second. But too quick it comes, the gravity that brought the ax falling down onto autocracy comes down just as quickly on democracy.

For those that didn't vote, consider carefully what society you passively design. Design in society, like in an essay or a video clip, follows the making of each of its parts---each sentence and each frame can change the overall picture.

personal branding

2006-10-31T11:25:00.000-08:00

...finally the grownup world Inc. catches up with what teenagers have known all along: it's all about personal-branding.
Now you can hire a personal image consultant to help you manage your personal brand image in dating, life coaching, job hunting---perhaps even dependency on external definitions of success. Oh wait, it's already on charged to the plastic.

And you thought public relations was hard for coutntries to manage. Welcome to Amerika, Borat. Spin, baby, spin.

The Thing So mellifluous

2006-10-23T19:55:00.000-07:00

A robotic hand that gestures the finger points of six Classical pieces--- including Beethoven's "Fifth Symphony", Scott Joplin's "The Entertainer," or Chopin's "Minute Waltz."

Does it glow? That would be nice.

Could I have asked for a more appropriate bit for Hallows Eve season?

you can buy it for me here.

Be a Dirty Hippie for Halloween!

2006-10-16T15:49:00.000-07:00

looking to be the best dressed this Halloween? We have a winner.

check it out.

for the ironic berkeley co-opers, that i love so

For those with refined taste

2006-09-22T22:28:00.000-07:00

I've always liked classical music.

postal art

2006-09-09T03:00:00.000-07:00

if you can't get enough of Post Secret ...this is the envelope for you:
The Envelope Collective
via, direct browse to gallery

Peddling a green economy

2006-09-09T02:30:00.000-07:00

Your footsteps may not be able to form diamonds (thankfully), but your idle patter can still be converted into the most valuable commodity of all-- energy.

Biostep
Described by Lazor as "the most user-friendly project of anything we've seen," Biostep is a pressure-sensitive floor tile that can convert footsteps into energy stored in a high-capacity battery cell. Based on research undertaken at MIT's Media Lab, the tiles are designed to look and feel like rubber flooring. Ideally they would be installed in areas with heavy pedestrian traffic so that the footfalls of shoppers at a mall, say, could light the stores. The jurors liked that Biostep derived its power from common routines. "It's great because it's universal," said Nikitas. "Not everybody drives, not everybody rides a bicycle, but everybody walks."

This is genius. Probably the next ecohouse design must have, when the price comes down I look foward to brewing mochas with my morning rush.

Credit where it's due: Team Biostep at the Pratt Institute in good old New York City & MIT Labs. link

everything illuminated

2006-09-09T02:14:00.000-07:00

Light-emitting fabric called Lumalive, shines with LEDs weaved into the fibers. Though a recent development by Philips Research--the designers have already advanced the technology to where the fabric does not loose flexibility or softness. With potential for clothes, furniture, promotional communication and art--- yet another way to dazzle.

link, video

Architecture: beauty & functionality (that beast)

2006-08-24T23:18:00.000-07:00

Business Week's idea of the *new wonders of the world.

"Towards the end of 2005—a year in which a new skyscraper earned the title of tallest in the world and construction in China continued at a scale that makes the Pyramids look like ant-hills—we were inspired to come up with a list of new wonders of the world. What, we asked, raises a building from mere architecture to a marvel of innovation?"

Features a picture gallery (nice). The looker pictured here is the Fiera Milano complex:

"The unique feature of the complex is an undulating glass-and-steel canopy that stretches for 1,300 meters, connecting the myriad buildings and funneling light into the spaces below. The complex spatial geometry of this roof structure forced the engineers to develop an irregular grid system: the volcano-like protuberance near the entrance is formed by a square mesh, the
free-formed portion of the canopy is formed by rhombic meshes, and some triangular meshes are used in the areas of double curvature. The engineers put the design through wind-tunnel tests to ensure that it would handle the loads."

Purple Alien Hatching Pod

2006-08-24T22:57:00.000-07:00

Er, no it's a bread basket.

No, really. It's a bread box that prevents mold with ultraviolet light.

Only it's secondary purpose is a hatching ground for violet aliens who will one day rule earth by overexposing mankind to carbs. (Atkins to the rescue!) But that theory hasn't been approved by the FDA, and NASA refuses to confirm sightings in Iowa.

link

Violin Soloist

2006-08-24T22:47:00.000-07:00

Intro, the world's first self-playing violin.

Like an old fashioned player piano, the Virtuoso is a mechanized musical revolution that goes for $17,500. It debuts with a orchestra in the video here.

The designer is a "retired president of a military technology company and a former NASA administrator."

Portable Laptop Power

2006-08-24T20:41:00.000-07:00

(moping!)
"Dude!" I was just telling a friend in a cafe last weekend this should exist! Damn laziness. For me, the idea came from the manual power on the emergency radio/light devices and the MIT $100 laptops.

(reality!)
Who cares who did it (unless you lost a cut), this is great!

NYT story

Shiny Bubbles

2006-08-14T22:00:00.000-07:00

The best thing since Gloria Steinem for Women's Lib. And let us say, it's the best thing since sliced bread, in that 1950s Home&Garden sort of way.

Why, it's the all-in-one WashDryIron! Made by a lad just trying to pass his classes in London. Its steam press is expected to save about 10 days of ironing work a year. With up to 16 pieces in at a time, it washes, dries and irons in separate compartments--so that delicates and muddy socks can be put in at once.
link

Also, the Body Box does as the usual tricks--but from your remote. Plus it sorts clothes by fabric type. link

The clever system of the body box tags individual clothing in order of fabric type and collects, separates and cleans the clothes accordingly and it can be programmed by both internet and an 18 inch touch panel screen. And, the body box is not just all about your laundry, it also features the luxury of sink, shower and steam bath cabinlink

(One thing, I would guess many daydreamers have thought of this before. But, why now? The technology specifications aren't released, I bet it's a combination of a democratization (though still specialized) in technological knowledge and prices for industrial materials and niche production dribbling down. Or is it just that the consumer demand has become both specialized and globally integrated enough to support the (copyrighted, but still proverbial) long tail here?)

for Tofu Monsters!

2006-08-11T11:57:00.000-07:00

what I would do if I were in La this weekend....

Little Tokyo's two-day outdoor festival may celebrate the delicious variety of soy protein, but there's nothing spongy about it. In addition to a range of tofu-based dishes, the event features performances by Blackalicious, Ill Again, and the Gaslamp Killer, plus Iron Chef battles, a beer and sake garden, and an anime marathon. All proceeds benefit the Little Tokyo Service Center's community outreach programs — not to mention your soul and stomach.

(but still thank god i'm not in LA, no tofu mountain is worth it)
link

Grassy walls

2006-08-11T10:50:00.000-07:00

Art, soothing natural greenery, clean air indoors. (luckily the price tag is in German)

Friends and I actually fantisized about this when we were kids--along with a room that was a pool with an island bed in the middle.

But now, all grown, my mind asks: what would happen if fruit flies made it home? What would an ant colony look like hanging on the wall? --perhaps the other side should be glass, facing the bathroom. The possibilities are endless. Let's add flowers!

Made with hydroponics by Indoor Landscaping

know thyself

2006-08-11T00:48:00.000-07:00

Three posts earlier, an autistic savant Londoner recreated the eternal city from instant memory. This is about another savant Londoner (there are only 50 in the world)but very different. Unlike every other known autistic savant, Daniel Tammet is able to explain how his perceptions and how his mind works--giving researchers unique insights into his disease and extraordinary abilities.

Though the math genius says words are his second language, he's just written a book about himself. Born on a Blue Day: A Memoir of Asperger's and An Extraordinary Mind.

great article

become an interent millionaire!

2006-08-11T00:28:00.000-07:00

To the geeks who smirk when they see the phrase 'web 2.0' used more than it's understood--- this is hilarious. It is still hilarious to me after several months and multiple viewings. An instance where lol is verbatim.

a dry walk in the rain

2006-08-10T17:45:00.000-07:00

A clear inflatable umbrella. It doesn't hurt to bump into and inflates with a bicycle pump located inside the handle.

One thing though, isn't the mushroom like top more prone to tipping raindrops onto your shoulder if it pivots from the handlebar?

No wait--because it's clear, you're supposed to wear it around your head and look through it!

By turning the handle backwards, the umbrella is deflated. The three high-output LEDs illuminate decorative markings on the vinyl make it more charming.
link

picture perfect

2006-08-10T00:20:00.000-07:00

A savant Londoner flies over Rome for 30/45 min. then spends three days drawing Rome in amazing precision in a large panorama.

Stephen Wilshire

monumentally weird

2006-08-08T22:32:00.000-07:00

The 10 strangest statues.

link

prankster

2006-08-08T22:10:00.000-07:00

An office rennovation in carboard, reverse-prankster revenge...

...and an upside-down dorm-room at Light Side Up...

Cabspotting

2006-08-08T21:40:00.000-07:00

Invisible Dynamics, a new Exploratorium project, explores the SF BayArea with (high and low tech) infosthetics.

One of the exhibits is Cabspotting, an online system that tracks and records the movements of Yellow Cabs throughout the Bay Area with GPS.

At top, the dynamic yellow lines represent real-time cab movements through the city. Below is a velocity visualization, where red indicates high speed rides and white bunches display traffic jams.

Exploratorium's Invisible Dynamics

This isn't DNA (again)...

2006-08-08T21:08:00.000-07:00

Okay, it is but not human. It's this site's tag structure.

The brightness of the lines is determined by the importance of the tags in terms of structure.

Basically a semantically rich site will appear brighter than one with messy old-style code.

You can also determine the richness of text on a site. A site the focuses on (text) content is one where the DNA patterns is large (filling many containers), but contains a lot of empty spaces between the lines (empty space is the individual words).

try it, via Infosthetics, Another tag-structure visualization

the DNA lounge

2006-08-08T20:35:00.000-07:00

'From life comes art.' Personal fingerprints and DNA as wall-covering.

Tempted to file this under strange but true. In reality, it could be the perfect gift for a biology grad student, crime scene detective, or medical researcher. ---or an ironic sundry for that ex-cat-burglar friend who had his/her fingerprints removed by plastic surgeons before turning a leaf in the penitentiary.

DNA11

Driving like an animal

2006-08-08T14:33:00.000-07:00

At nighttime projections from moving cars are shone on the buildings in the industrial/abandoned part of town. Each car projects a video of a wild animal. The animal’s movements are programmed to correspond to the speed of the car: as the car moves, the animal runs along it, as the car stops, the animal stops also. Aggressive driving is reflected in the aggressive behavior of the animal. The animals are avatars of the drivers, who, enclosed in their bubble of safety, are separated from the stark and dangerous world of urban reality, as being in a different universe. The projections both expose the starkness of the urban landscape, and transform it into a world of dark fantasy.

Roaming in the Interactive City.

Must film. Must film.

2006-08-08T13:14:00.000-07:00

The Filmmaking Robot

The eyes consist of a small computer with a camera and wifi card mounted upon the front of a public bus collecting video. When an open wireless connection is traversed, the video is uploaded to the body.

For about 12 hours a day the robot dwells on its memories, recalling well liked or pertinent imagery, and attempting to connect it through a sequence of frames, which is shown as video. Each frame is analyzed to give 20 numbers summarizing its qualities, and these numbers are treated as coordinates in a 20 dimensional space. Proximity in this space is used to determine similarity for the purposes of creating a video sequence.

These numbers are also feed to neural networks which have been trained to like selections of fine art and images identified as well-composed by human subjects, and the response of these networks determines whether the robot likes an image. At the end of the day, it looks over its production, and picks out a few minutes to release as a finished film.

Find it filming you in the Interactive City.

99 Red Balloons

2006-08-08T13:01:00.000-07:00

99 Red Balloons
...is a live action street game of collective surveillance
...proposes an alternate story, an oppositional one, performed through play in public space.
...[is] a mass of 99 red helium balloons sent up, up into the sky above Cesar Chavez Plaza and surrounding sites to take over surveillance of the city.
--is each a balloon 5 feet in diameter when inflated, outfitted with a small, hidden wireless camera, and connected to a 60 feet tether, held and manipulated by players during the game to control the height and position of the balloon.

The city becomes interactive, lively, visible, imagined, red, and passionate!

One can hunt forever looking for jems. Today the mine comes to you... Interactive City!!!

who you calling 2-dimensional?

2006-08-06T00:14:00.000-07:00

Forget origami, check out these sculptures in paper.

If you know how to do this, send instructions post-haste and help save a scratch-paper forest.

by Richard Sweeney, Flickr

A color of a different stripe

2006-08-03T11:12:00.000-07:00

Caught in a cobweb, across a traffic sign, lost in the clouds, divided in three, stretched across a canyon, missing it’s middle, lost in a boat’s spray, glowing in the dark ---some odd rainbows.

Ms. R. Brite strikes again. The Rainbow Gallery.

Fab Tree House

2006-08-02T16:15:00.000-07:00

...a home that doesn't just use "green" design but is itself a living ecosystem...
The basic framework of the house would be created using a gardening method known as pleaching, in which young trees are woven together into a shape such as an archway, lattice, or screen and then encouraged to maintain that form over the years.
As the framework matured -- which might take a few years in tropical climates and several decades in more temperate locations -- the home grower would weave a dense layer of protective vines onto the exterior walls. Any gaps could be filled in with soil and growing plants to create miniature gardens. On the interior walls, a mixture of clay and straw beneath a final layer of smooth clay would provide insulation and block moisture. On south-facing walls, windows made of soy-based plastics would absorb warmth in the winter; ground-floor windows on the shady side could draw in cool breezes during hot months. Water collected on the roof would flow through the house for use by people and plants; waste water would be purified in an outdoor pond with bacteria, fish, and plants that consume organic waste.

This is where I want to plant my roots. Love to MIT. (via)

+baby -coffin conveyor belt

2006-08-02T14:26:00.000-07:00

Ah, yes. a data viz you will not forget.
--this is the actual data graphic the United Nations Development Program uses to monitor global health and population trends. ;) Splasho mentions it relates to WorldMapper--which I blogged of before.
by Spalsho: shows the rate at which babies are being born around the world - more than four each second. It’s amazing to contemplate. You can also enable an option to display the continent on which they were born and watch Asia grow. It uses data provided by the United Nations.

work-ready ridculous

2006-08-02T13:00:00.000-07:00

This is what crowdsourcing is good for: developing little apps that let you browse 'extracurricular' webpages at work without getting caught. This is Work Friendly.

Brilliant, this is fantastico!

X for genetically-modified

2006-08-02T11:25:00.000-07:00

Greenpeace has excised a nice arielly-visible 'X' into the genetically-modified corn field in France. This was a response to the EU reprisal for Greenpeace flagging modified maize on Google Maps---despite the EU's promise to make the information publically available. Brilliant.

thanks to Philipp Lenssen at Google Blogscoped

Spherical treehouse

2006-08-02T01:39:00.000-07:00

The pictures of this real spherical treehouse are amazing, as is the design (interior and exterior). It is a one room sleeping, eating, and sitting space, complete with water and electrcity---an enclosed restroom is for the next design.

The Free Spirit Spheres are for sale. In the last FAQ, the maker discusses the spiritual inspiration he had for the houses--- a place to be mindful in nature while mimizing harmful effects on nature.

even the eiwoks are jealous.

1-0-0 ideas

2006-08-02T01:34:00.000-07:00

It is improper blogger etiquette to quote another site's post whole cloth. So in a DIY cut-and-paste fashion I think illustrator Keri Smith would approve of, here are 'found bits' from her '100 ideas'.

1. Go for a walk. Draw or list things you find on the the sidewalk. 2. Write a letter to yourself in the future. -- 4. Draw your dinner. -- 6. Glue an envelope into your journal. For one week collect items you find on the street. -- 8. Find a photo of a person you do not know. Write a brief bio about them. -- 12. Make a map of everywhere you went in one day. -- 15. Record an overheard conversation. -- 26. Illustrate your grocery list. -- 33. List 100 uses for a tin can. -- 36. Choose an object, draw the side you can't see. 37. List all of the places you've ever lived. 38. Describe your favourite room in detail. -- 42. Create a character based on someone you know. Write a list of personality traits. 45. Draw the same object every day for a week. -- 49. Research a celebration or ritual from another culture. -- 51. Draw a map of your favorite sitting spots in your town/city. (photocopy it and give it to someone you like.) 52. Record all of the sounds you hear in the course of one hours. -- 59. List ten things you would like to do every day. -- 66. Write a journal entry describing something "secret". Cut it up into several pieces and glue them back in scrambled. 67. Record descriptions or definitions of subjects or words you are interested in, found in encyclopedias or dictionaries. -- 75. Create a graph documenting or measuring something in your life. -- 77. Create instructions for a simple everyday task. -- 84. Write a list of all the things you do to escape. -- 93. Write your own definition of one of the following concepts, sitting, waiting, sleeping (without using the actual word.) 94. List 10 of your habits.

kaleidoscope pantry

2006-08-02T00:21:00.000-07:00

If we are what we eat, that would explain the psychological condition of the existential crisis. Afterall, how many people really know what's in their foods?

This may help those who dare to know.

Mens sana in corpus sano

Food Category Explorer

grasping time

2006-08-02T00:15:00.000-07:00

to see the world in a grain of sand
heaven in a wildflower
hold infinity in the palm of your hand
and eternity in an hour

(w.blake)

Get a better sense of time ---history, humanity, culture, politics--- with a timeline slightly better than your school photocopy from 6th grade.

Timeline is a DHTML-based AJAXy widget for visualizing time-based events. It is like Google Maps for time-based information.

by some careful coders at MIT's SIMILE project

narcissus

2006-08-02T00:09:00.000-07:00

calculate your perfect weight, a handy online tool

at Women's Health, He-Man

the big dig

2006-08-02T00:03:00.000-07:00

An amazingly beautiful house made almost exclusively from recycled materials, recently won a design award.

--- almost wholly comprised of steel and concrete from Boston's Big Dig, utilizing over 600,000 lbs of recycled materials. --- designed and customized from pieces of the I-93 offramps (Lexington, MA)---

by Single Speed Design

Narcissus

2006-08-01T23:47:00.000-07:00

She looks at herself instead of looking at you, and so doesn't know you. During the two or three little outbursts of passion she has allowed herself in your favor, she has, by a great effort of imagination, seen in you the hero of her dreams, and not yourself as you really are. (Stendhal's Le Rouge et le Noir, 1953 Penguin Edition, trans. Margaret R.B. Shaw).